Altered integrity of hepatocyte tight junctions in rats with triptolide-induced cholestasis / 中国天然药物

Triptolide (TP), an active component of Tripterygium wilfordiiHook. f. (TWHF), has been widely used for centuries as a traditional Chinese medicine. However, the clinical application of TP has been restricted due to multitarget toxicity, such as hepatotoxicity. In this study, 28 days of oral TP administration (100, 200, or 400 μg·kg

Biocompatibility and effect on bone formation of a native acellular porcine pericardium: Results of in vitro and in vivo / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To examine the morphology and biocompatibility of a native acellular porcine pericardium (APP) in vitro and to evaluate its barrier function and effects on osteogenesis when used in guided bone regeneration (GBR) in vivo.@*METHODS@#First, the morphology of APP (BonanGenⓇ) was detected using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Next, for biocompatibility test, proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were determined using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) after being seeded 1, 3 and 7 days. Meanwhile, the cells stained with phalloidine and 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to view the morphology of cell adhesion and pattern of cell proliferation on day 5. A 3-Beagle dog model with 18 teeth extraction sockets was used for the further research in vivo. These sites were randomly treated by 3 patterns below: filled with Bio-OssⓇand coverd by APP membrane (APP group), filled with Bio-OssⓇand covered by Bio-GideⓇmembrane (BG group) and natural healing (blank group). Micro-CT and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) were performed after 4 and 12 weeks.@*RESULTS@#A bilayer and three-dimensional porous ultrastructure was identified for APP through SEM. In vitro, APP facilitated proliferation and adhesion of hBMSCs, especially after 7 days (P < 0.05). In vivo, for the analysis of the whole socket healing, no distinct difference of new bone ratio was found between all the three groups after 4 weeks (P>0.05), however significantly more new bone regeneration was detected in APP group and BG group in comparison to blank group after 12 weeks (P < 0.05). The radio of bone formation below the membrane was significantly higher in APP group and BG group than blank group after 4 and 12 weeks (P < 0.05), however, the difference between APP group and BG group was merely significant in 12 weeks (P < 0.05). Besides, less resorption of buccal crest after 4 weeks and 12 weeks was observed in APP group of a significant difference compared in blank group (P < 0.05). The resorption in BG group was slightly lower than blank group (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#APP showed considerable biocompatibility and three-dimentional structure. Performing well as a barrier membrane in the dog alveolar ridge preservation model, APP significantly promoted bone regeneration below it and reduced buccal crest resorption. On the basis of this study, APP is a potential osteoconductive and osteoinductive biomaterial.

Efficacy of two barrier membranes and deproteinized bovine bone mineral on bone regeneration in extraction sockets: A microcomputed tomographic study in dogs / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effect of two barrier membranes [multilaminated small intestinal submucosa (mSIS) and bioresorable collagen membrane (Bio-Gide)] combined with deproteinized bovine bone mineral Bio-Oss on guided bone regeneration through a canine extraction sockets model.@*METHODS@#The distal roots of 18 premolars of the Beagle' s bilateral maxillary and mandibular were removed, and 18 extraction sockets were obtained. They were randomly divided into 3 groups, and the following procedures were performed on the sockets: (1) filled with Bio-Oss and covered by mSIS (mSIS group), (2) filled with Bio-Oss and covered by Bio-Gide (BG group), (3) natural healing (blank control group). Micro-computed tomograph (Micro-CT) was performed 4 and 12 weeks after surgery to eva-luate the new bone regeneration in the sockets of each group.@*RESULTS@#The postoperative healing was uneventful in all the animals, and no complications were observed through the whole study period. Micro-CT analysis showed that the new bone fraction in the mSIS group and the BG group was significantly higher than that in the blank control group at the end of 4 weeks and 12 weeks (P < 0.05), and more new bone fraction was observed in the mSIS group than in the BG group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The new bone fraction of coronal third part of the socket in the mSIS group and BG group at the end of 4 weeks were significantly higher than that of the middle and apical third part of each group (P < 0.05). The values of bone mineral density were similar at 4 weeks in all the groups (P>0.05), but were significantly higher than that in the control group at the end of 12 weeks (P < 0.05). The bone morphometric analysis showed that the trabecular number and trabecular spacing were significantly better in the mSIS group and the BG group than in the control group at the end of 4 weeks and 12 weeks (P < 0.05), while the value in the mSIS group was slightly higher than in the BG group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The difference in trabecular thickness between all the groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#mSIS membrane as a barrier membrane combined with deproteinized bovine bone mineral can enhance new bone formation in canine extraction sockets, similar to Bio-Gide collagen membrane.

Proteomics and peptidomics analysis of Sepiae Endoconcha / 中国中药杂志

Shotgun based proteomics and peptidomics analysis were used to investigate the proteins and peptides in marine traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) Sepiae Endoconcha(cuttlebone). Peptides were extracted from cuttlebone by acidified methanol, and then strong cation exchange(SCX) resin was used to enrich those peptides. Also, proteins from cuttlebone were extracted and digested by trypsin. nano-LC Q Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry was used to analyze proteins and peptides from cuttlebone. As a result, a total of 16 proteins and 168 peptides were identified by protein database search, and 328 peptides were identified by De novo sequencing. The identified proteins were hemocyanin, enolase, myosin, actin, calmodulin, etc., and the identified peptides were derived from actin, histone, and tubulin. All these proteins and peptides were important components in cuttlebone, which would provide important theoretical and research basis for marine TCM cuttlebone investigations.

Biodegradation properties of multi-laminated small intestinal submucosa / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To study the biodegradation properties of multi-laminated small intestinal submucosa (mSIS) through in vitro and in vivo experiments, comparing with Bio-Gide, the most widely used collagen membrane in guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique, for the purpose of providing basis to investigate whether mSIS meets the requirements of GBR in dental clinics.@*METHODS@#The degradation properties were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro degradation was performed using prepared collagenase solution. Morphology of mSIS and Bio-Gide in degradation solution were observed and the degradation rate was calculated at different time points. In in vivo experiments, nine New Zealand rabbits were used for subcutaneous implantation and were divided into three groups according to observation intervals. Six unconnected subcutaneous pouches were made on the back of each animal and were embedded with mSIS and Bio-Gide respectively. At the end of weeks 4, 8, and 12 after operation, gross observation and HE staining were used to evaluate the degree of degradation and histocompatibility.@*RESULTS@#In vitro degradation experiments showed that mSIS membrane was completely degraded at the end of 12 days, while Bio-Gide was degraded at the end of 7 days. Besides, mSIS maintained its shape for longer time in the degradation solution than Bio-Gide, indicating that mSIS possessed longer degradation time, and had better ability to maintain space than Bio-Gide. In vivo biodegradation indicated that after 4 weeks of implantation, mSIS remained intact. Microscopic observation showed that collagen fibers were continuous with a few inflammatory cells that infiltrated around the membrane. Bio-Gide was basically intact and partially adhered with the surrounding tissues. HE staining showed that collagen fibers were partly fused with surrounding tissues with a small amount of inflammatory cells that infiltrated as well. Eight weeks after operation, mSIS was still intact, and was partly integrated with connective tissues, whereas Bio-Gide membrane was mostly broken and only a few residual fibers could be found under microscope. Only a small amount of mSIS debris could be observed 12 weeks after surgery, and Bio-Gide could hardly be found by naked eye and microscopic observation at the same time.@*CONCLUSION@#In vitro degradation time of mSIS is longer than that of Bio-Gide, and the space-maintenance ability of mSIS is better. The in vivo biodegradation time of subcutaneous implantation of mSIS is about 12 weeks and Bio-Gide is about 8 weeks, both of which possess good biocompatibility.

Effect of triptolide on Th17/Treg cells in spleen / 中国中药杂志

Triptolide( TP) is isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii,which exhibits notable immuneregulative effect. Th17 cells involve in inflammatory response and Treg cells contribute to immune tolerance. They both play an important role in immune response. Previous studies have investigated that TP induced hepatic Th17/Treg imbalance. However,the effect of TP on spleen Th17/Treg cells remains unclear. Therefore,the aim of present study was to investigate the effect of TP on Th17/Treg cells in spleen. In this study,the effect of TP on the proliferation of splenic lymphocyte was detected by cytotoxicity test in vitro. After different concentrations of TP( 2. 5,5,20,40 nmol·L~(-1)) were given to splenic lymphocyte,cytokines secreted from the supernatant of splenic lymphocyte were detected by cytometric bead array,and the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling( SOCS) mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR. Female C57 BL/6 mice were continuously observed for 24 h after treatment of 500 μg·kg-1 TP. The effects of TP on the splenic tissue structure and the percentage of Th17/Treg cells were examined. The results showed that the IC50 of TP was19. 6 nmol·L~(-1) in spleen lymphocytes. TP inhibited the secretion of IL-2 and IL-10 and induced the expression of SOCS-1/3 mRNA in spleen lymphocytes at the dosage of 2. 5 and 5 nmol·L~(-1) after 24 h in vitro. Administration of TP at dosage of 500 μg·kg-1 had no significant spleen toxicity in vivo. TP treatment increased the percentage of Th17 cells after 12 h and inhibited the proportion of Treg cells after 12 and 24 h. In conclusion,TP reduced the secretion of IL-2 and IL-10 through SOCS-1/3 signaling pathway,thereby induced the percentage of Th17 cells and inhibited the percentage of Treg cells.

Progress of effect and mechanisms of Tripterygium wilfordii on immune system / 中国中药杂志

Traditional Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f( TWHF) is a natural botanical drug in China. It has complex chemical compositions and has been used for a long history. TWHF was used as an insecticide to protect crops at early stage,and it was later found to have significant effects in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis,attaining great concerns. With further researches,it was found that TWHF can treat various diseases in the medical field due to a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-cancer,neuroprotection,anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressing,particularly. Multiple extracts of TWHF have unique immunosuppressive function,playing an immune role through multi-target and multi-channel,with significant effect in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. As an immune-suppressing drug,TWHF is worthy of in-depth research due to its broad application prospects. While achieving good clinical efficacy,reports about its toxic effects to multiple systems of the body are also increasing,greatly hindering its clinical application. In order to fully understand the immune-suppressing function of TWHF and reduce or avoid the occurrence of toxic and side effects,we summarized recent progress of TWHF on the immune organs,cells and factors in recent years,as well as the pharmacology and toxic effects,hoping to provide a scientific and reasonable reference for its wider use in clinical treatment.

Evaluation of modified micro-push-out bond strength of glass fiber posts with chemically treated resin cements / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the modified micro-push-out bond strengths of prefabricated glass fiber posts with silaneafter 35% phosphoric acid to resin cements.@*METHODS@#In the study, 40 glass fiber posts were randomly divided into 2 groups (20 posts in each group) for different surface treatments. Group 1, treated with silaneafter 35% phosphoric acid; group 2, no surface treatment (Control group). Then each group was randomly divided into 2 minor groups (modified group and traditional group), with each group with 10. So the four groups were group 1M (phosphoric acid + silane-modified), group 1T (phosphoric acid + silane-traditional), group 2M (control-modified), and group 2T (control-traditional). A modified micro-push-out bond strength test method was used in modified groups. In traditional groups, the 20 extracted human, single-rooted teeth were endodontically treated. Gutta-percha was removed with #1-2 Peeso Reamers (Mani), and the post space of each specimen was enlarged with a standard drill system from the corresponding fiber post system to create a 9 mm post space with at least 4 mm of filling material in the root apex. Following post cementation according to the manufacturer's instructions, the traditional micro-push-out bond strengths were tested using a universal testing machine(0.5 mm/min). Both failure modes were examined with a stereomicroscope. The data of the four groups were statistically analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test(α= 0.05).@*RESULTS@#The bond strengths were (18.85±1.42) MPa for group 1M, (19.39±1.35) MPa for group 1T, (11.26±1.57) MPa for group 2M, and (11.27±1.83) MPa for group 2T. The bond strength of Group 1 was significantly higher than that of group 2(P<0.05), no matter which method was used. The fracture mode 100% in group M was the destruction of the post/resin interface, compared with 65.7% in group T.@*CONCLUSION@#In contrasted to the traditional micro-push-out test, the modified test can evaluate the bond strength of fiber post to resin cement more effectively, and 35% phosphate acid + silane treatment can improve the bonding strength.

Clinical observation of the restoration of computer aided designed and manufactured one-piece zirconia posts and cores: a 5-year prospective follow-up study / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effect of computer aided design and computer aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) one-piece zirconia posts and cores for the restoration of defective teeth.@*METHODS@#In the study, 72 defective teeth of 47 patients who had proper root canal therapy were restored with CAD/CAM one-piece zirconia posts and cores. All the ceramic crowns were finally used to restore contour and function of the teeth. The defective teeth were divided into two groups on the basis of the teeth defect degree. Group A: 39 defective teeth presented with three or four coronal residual walls, and group B: 33 defective teeth presented with less than two coronal residual walls. During the clinical observation period, the stability, dislocation of posts and the occurrence of fractures in either teeth or posts and cores were assessed and analyzed with a paired t test(α=0.05). Meanwhile shade matching was conducted between the restored teeth and normal reference teeth, the marginal fitness of the restored teeth were recorded according to the standard of United States Public Health Service (USPHS) and analyzed with descriptive statistics.@*RESULTS@#The average follow up was (65.0±4.8) months. During the observation period, the restorations were examined both clinically and with periapical radiograph. No incidence of teeth fracture or posts and cores complications were observed in both groups, and all CAD/CAM one-piece zirconia posts and cores remained intact with restored teeth. There were no post and core dislodgement or fracture. There was no difference between group A and group B (P>0.05). The restorative effect of CAD/CAM one-piece zirconia posts and cores with all the ceramic crowns were assessed according to the standard of USPHS, and the number of the restored tooth shade matching with level A was 67, and 5 with level B. The rate of shade matching was 93.06%. As the marginal fitness, 64 restored teeth were level A, and 8 with level B. The rate of restorative teeth marginal fitness was 88.89%.@*CONCLUSION@#CAD/CAM one-piece zirconia posts and cores were successfully used to restore defective teeth and received excellent clinical effect. So, it can be a good choice for defective teeth which need post-cores and crowns restoration.

The role of neutrophils in triptolide-induced liver injury / 中国天然药物

Triptolide (TP) induces severe liver injury, but its hepatotoxicity mechanisms are still unclear. Inflammatory responses may be involved in the pathophysiology. Neutrophils are the first-line immune effectors for sterile and non-sterile inflammatory responses. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the neutrophilic inflammatory response in TP-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice. Our results showed that neutrophils were recruited and accumulated in the liver, which was parallel to or slightly after the development of liver injury. Neutrophils induced release of myeloperoxidase and up-regulation of CD11b, which caused cytotoxicity and hepatocyte death. Hepatic expressions of CXL1, TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP1 were increased significantly to regulate neutrophils recruitment and activation. Up-regulation of toll like receptors 4 and 9 also facilitated neutrophils infiltration. Moreover, neutrophils depletion using an anti-Gr1 antibody showed mild protection against TP overdose. These results indicated that neutrophils accumulation might be the secondary response, not the cause of TP-induced liver injury. In conclusion, the inflammatory response including neutrophil infiltration may play a role in TP-induced hepatotoxicity, but may not be severe enough to cause additional liver injury.

The role of neutrophils in triptolide-induced liver injury / 中国天然药物

Triptolide (TP) induces severe liver injury, but its hepatotoxicity mechanisms are still unclear. Inflammatory responses may be involved in the pathophysiology. Neutrophils are the first-line immune effectors for sterile and non-sterile inflammatory responses. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the neutrophilic inflammatory response in TP-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice. Our results showed that neutrophils were recruited and accumulated in the liver, which was parallel to or slightly after the development of liver injury. Neutrophils induced release of myeloperoxidase and up-regulation of CD11b, which caused cytotoxicity and hepatocyte death. Hepatic expressions of CXL1, TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP1 were increased significantly to regulate neutrophils recruitment and activation. Up-regulation of toll like receptors 4 and 9 also facilitated neutrophils infiltration. Moreover, neutrophils depletion using an anti-Gr1 antibody showed mild protection against TP overdose. These results indicated that neutrophils accumulation might be the secondary response, not the cause of TP-induced liver injury. In conclusion, the inflammatory response including neutrophil infiltration may play a role in TP-induced hepatotoxicity, but may not be severe enough to cause additional liver injury.

Comparison of the translucency and color masking effect of the zirconia ceramics made by milling and gel deposition / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#Three kinds of zirconia specimens were made respectively by milling of the prisintered blocks and by three dimensional (3D) gel deposition for in vitro evaluation of their optical translucency under three different thicknesses and their color masking effect on discolored teeth. The study aims for establishing the principle for guiding the materials selection in clinical practice.@*METHODS@#Ninety A2-colored zirconia disc specimens with diameter of 14 mm were prepared and were divided into three groups (n=30). (1) Group CZ, by milling of the presintered blanks; (2) Group NZW, by 3D gel deposition, without a color masking opaque inner layer; (3) Group NZY, by 3D gel deposition, with a color masking opaque inner layer. Furthermore, each group was divided into three sub-groups (n=10) according to the sample thickness, i.e., 0.6, 1.0 and 1.5 mm, respectively. The maxillary anterior teeth with severe discoloration, extracted owing to periodontal disease, were collected and embedded. By gentle gridding and polishing a plane, larger than 6 mm2×6 mm2, was generated on the labial surface of each tooth. Chromatic values(CIE1976-L*a*b*) of the zirconia samples in the nine sub-groups were measured by the spectrophotometer Crystaleye in front of the black or white background in a cassette, and the translucency parameter (TP) values were calculated for each sample. Thereafter the zirconia specimens were bonded onto the labial surface of the polished teeth for measuring the chromatic values, using the chromatic value of the medium 1/3 of the standardized Vita A2 as a control. The color aberration ΔE between each zirconia specimen and the control value was calculated, respectively. The results were statistically analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni.@*RESULTS@#(1) The optical transparency of the three kinds of zirconia disc specimens with the thickness of 0.6, 1.0 and 1.5 mm was 14.09, 12.31 and 10.45 for group CZ; 19.84, 16.54 and 12.44 for group NZW;14.81, 13.16 and 11.92 for group NZY. In each group, the degree of optical transparency of the specimens showed a clear tendency as in the sub-group 0.6 mm >1.0 mm >1.5 mm. The TP value of the specimens in the three groups with the same thickness showed a tendency of the group NZW >group NZY >group CZ. (2) After bonding onto the polished labial surface of the teeth, the color aberration ΔE of the specimens with the thickness of 0.6, 1.0 and 1.5 mm was calculated to be 10.77, 9.94 and 8.50 for group CZ; 6.84, 5.89 and 5.29 for group NZW; 4.16, 3.92 and 3.67 for group NZY. In each group, the color aberration of the specimens showed a clear tendency as in the sub-group 0.6 mm >1.0 mm >1.5 mm; the color aberration of the three groups with the same thickness was in the order of the group CZ >group NZW >group NZY.@*CONCLUSION@#In all the specimen groups with a fixed specimen thickness, the optical translucency of the specimen was the highest in group NZW made by 3D gel deposition, and the best color masking effect was obtained in specimens with a color masking opaque inner layer in group NZY, where a thickness of 0.6 mm was sufficient enough for obtaining the ideal color masking effect.

Influence of fluticasone propionate on pulmonary function, inflammatory factors, endothelial function, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide for patients with stable COPD / 药物评价研究

Objective To explore the influence of inhaled corticosteroids on the curative effect and fiactional exhaled nitric oxide and endothelial function for patients with stable COPD.Methods Totally 90 patients with stable COPD were collected in Xinxiang Central Hospital from July 2014 to July 2016,and divided into two groups randomly.The control group (n =45) was treated with conventional Western medicine,the observation group (n =45) were given fluticasone propionate inhalation atomization of 250 g per time,twice daily.The two groups received 6 months of treatment.The pulmonary function indexes including forced vital capacity (FVC),1 s forced expiratory volume (FEV1),maximal mid expiratory flow (MMEF) and peak expiratory flow (PEF),inflammatory factors such as lnterleukin-6 (IL-6),interleukin-8 (IL-8),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C reactive protein (CRP) levels,and vascular endothelial function indexes including flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD),soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (SICAM-1),endothelin 1 (ET-1),and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) were compared and analyzed.Results After treatment,the pulmonary function indexes were improved significantly (P ＜ 0.05),and the FEV1,FEV1/FVC,MMEF,and PEF of observation group were higher significantly than those patients in control group (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of inflammatory factors decreased than before treatment remarkably (P ＜ 0.05),and the levels of IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α,and CRP in observation group were lower than those in control group,and which difference was significance (P ＜ 0.05).The FMD of patients in study group was higher than those in control group significantly (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of SICAM-1 and ET-1 in observation group were decreased significantly than those before treatment,and were lower than control group (P ＜ 0.05).The FENO of all patients decreased than before treatment,and reduced amplitude in observation group was more than those in control group significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Inhaled corticosteroids for patients stable COPD could improve pulmonary functions and inhibit inflammatory response,specially,which improves endothelial function and reduces the amount of exhaled NO and occurrence of cardiovascular events.

Influence of fluticasone propionate on pulmonary function, inflammatory factors, endothelial function, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide for patients with stable COPD / 药物评价研究

Objective To explore the influence of inhaled corticosteroids on the curative effect and fiactional exhaled nitric oxide and endothelial function for patients with stable COPD.Methods Totally 90 patients with stable COPD were collected in Xinxiang Central Hospital from July 2014 to July 2016,and divided into two groups randomly.The control group (n =45) was treated with conventional Western medicine,the observation group (n =45) were given fluticasone propionate inhalation atomization of 250 g per time,twice daily.The two groups received 6 months of treatment.The pulmonary function indexes including forced vital capacity (FVC),1 s forced expiratory volume (FEV1),maximal mid expiratory flow (MMEF) and peak expiratory flow (PEF),inflammatory factors such as lnterleukin-6 (IL-6),interleukin-8 (IL-8),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C reactive protein (CRP) levels,and vascular endothelial function indexes including flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD),soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (SICAM-1),endothelin 1 (ET-1),and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) were compared and analyzed.Results After treatment,the pulmonary function indexes were improved significantly (P ＜ 0.05),and the FEV1,FEV1/FVC,MMEF,and PEF of observation group were higher significantly than those patients in control group (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of inflammatory factors decreased than before treatment remarkably (P ＜ 0.05),and the levels of IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α,and CRP in observation group were lower than those in control group,and which difference was significance (P ＜ 0.05).The FMD of patients in study group was higher than those in control group significantly (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of SICAM-1 and ET-1 in observation group were decreased significantly than those before treatment,and were lower than control group (P ＜ 0.05).The FENO of all patients decreased than before treatment,and reduced amplitude in observation group was more than those in control group significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Inhaled corticosteroids for patients stable COPD could improve pulmonary functions and inhibit inflammatory response,specially,which improves endothelial function and reduces the amount of exhaled NO and occurrence of cardiovascular events.

Optimize excipients for Yinsang hypoglycemic granules by using multiple indexes / 中国中药杂志

Optimal excipients were screened by studying the effect of different excipients on the hygroscopicity of the extract, testing polysaccharide in the preparation and blood glucose value. Single factor tests were performed with hygroscopicity, formability and fluidity as the indexes, and the moisture content, granule yield and angle of repose were combined with physical characters of the materials to screen the proportioning and dosage of excipients. Then the critical relative humidity of preferred Yinsang granules were measured. The optimum excipients for Yinsang hypoglycemic granules were mulberry leaf paste-microcrystalline cellulose-mactra veneriformis crude polysaccharides (10∶9∶1.67). The obtained granules had good formability and fluidity, which were not easy to absorb moisture for liquefaction, with a critical relative humidity of 73%. This formation process was reasonable and feasible, suitable for industrial production, which can significantly improve hygroscopicity and liquefaction properties of extracts, improve stability of Yinsang granules, and provide reference for screening of excipients for other preparations.

Effect of Naoshuantong capsule on change of SSQOL index in patients with ischemic stroke in six mouths follow-up / 中国中药杂志

To evaluate the effect of Naoshuantong capsule on the life quality of patients with ischemic stroke in six months of follow-up studies, and observe the adverse events. The results would provide reference for the secondary prevention on the recovery stage of ischemic stroke. 696 patients from 12 Class III Grade I hospitals nationwide were divided into 2 groups by central randomization system. The study group, 344 cases, were treated with Naoshuantong capsule plus Aspirin, and the control group, 352 cases, were treated with Aspirin. The patients were treated for 6 months. At the end of treatment, SS-QOL used for evaluating the quality of life was observed. The safety index was defined by adverse observation event. The incidence of adverse events and laboratory tests results were observed before and after treatment at the same time. The results indicated that compared to the control group, the treatment group had significant statistical difference in the impact of effort, self-care ability and the the work or labor ability of patients (P < 0.05). No serious adverse events were observed. Naoshuantong capsule showed some superiority to Asprin on improving the quality of life on patients with ischemic stroke, and it could be used in secondary prevention on the recovery stage of ischemic stroke. Naoshuantong capsule is safe and effective in the treatment of convalescence ischemic stroke.

A new β-carboline alkaloid from the seeds of Griffonia simplicifolia / 中国天然药物

AIM@#To study the chemical constituents from the seeds of Griffonia simplicifolia Baill.@*METHODS@#The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by a combination of chromatographic materials including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative TLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of MS and NMR data analysis. The cytotoxic activities were evaluated against HepG2 cancer cell line using the MTT colorimetric method.@*RESULTS@#A new β-carboline alkaloid, griffonine (1), together with seven known alkaloids, hyrtioerectine B (2), 3-carboxy-6-hydroxy-β-carboline (3), hyrtiosulawesine (4), 5-hydroxyindole-3-carbaldehyde (5), 5-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyethyl) indole (6), trigonelline (7), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (8) were isolated and identified. Alkaloids 1, 2 and 4 showed growth inhibitory effects on the HepG2 cell line with IC50 values of 23.5, 9.6 and 19.3 μmol·L(-1), respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Alkaloid 1 is new and was named griffonine. Alkaloids 2-7 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Alkaloids 1, 2 and 4 were potentially cytotoxic.

Application of Tiantu (CV 22) in emergency / 中国针灸

The operation and application of Tiantu (CV 22) in emergency are discussed in the paper. The stimulating methods at Tiantu (CV 22) are acupuncture and pressing technique. The correct insertion of needle and proper depth and direction of insertion are required during acupuncture. The pressing technique stress the pressing strength and pressing time. Acupuncture or pressing technique is suitable for the emergent measurement of asthma, asthmatic breathing, coma, blockage of phlegm, hiccup, sore throat, etc. It is indicated that Tiantu (CV 22) is the key point in the emergency and phlegm resolving. Based on the characteristics of the point as promoting qi circulation, reducing the reversed qi and resolving phlegm, in light of the proper points combination by different syndromes and in terms of the correct and safe stimulating methods, Tiantu (CV 22) can achieve the immediate therapeutic effects in the emergent situations.

Two years clinical observation of anterior all zirconia ceramic resin bonded fixed partial dentures / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the restoration effect of anterior all zirconia ceramic resin bonded fixed partial dentures, and to find a new fixed restorative method for restoring one or two missing anterior teeth.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-nine missing anterior teeth from twenty-three patients were restored with all zirconia ceramic resin bonded fixed partial dentures, and restorations were devided in to two groups according to the number of retainers, i.e. the single-retainer group and the two-retainer group. The integrity, secondary caries, marginal shade and color match of the restorations were evaluated with the standard of American Public Health Association (APHA). The average period of observation was 22 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One restoration from the two-retainer group failed, two restorations from the single-retainer group failed. The shade of two restorations were evaluated as discernable whiter compared to adjacent teeth. There was no secondary caries and marginal shade. The two year success rate of anterior all zirconia ceramic resin bonded fixed partial dentures was 90% (26/29).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>All zirconia ceramic resin bonded fixed partial dentures used for less than two anterior missing teeth can achieved definite aesthetic effect and physiologic function. It was a new type of fixed restoration for anterior missing teeth. However, to determine long-term result of this restoration more data are needed.</p>

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of two different framework designs of compound galvano-ceramic bridges / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze stress distribution of two framework designs in compound galvano-ceramic bridges made with three-dimensional finite element models.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three-dimensional finite element models were developed for compound galvano-ceramic bridges with two designed retainers of Ni-Cr frameworks which ringed or partially covered the electroformed gold caps. The models were vertically loaded 200 N on the center of the occlusal surface of the pontic and loaded 400 N on the center of buccoclusal marginal ridge from buccal aspect to lingual aspect at a 30 degree angle with the occlusion plane respectively. The stress distributions and the level of stress concentration in the two models were analyzed by the FEA software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Stress distributing in two designed framework of compound galvano-ceramic bridges were similar. The highest von Mises stress of compound galvano-ceramic bridges was concentrated in the distal connector of the pontic and retainer. Under the vertical loading, the von Mises stress was 24.17 MPa for the partial cover retainer of the Ni-Cr framework and 24.85 MPa for the circular retainer. Under the lateral loading, the corresponding figures were 42.83 MPa and 42.69 MPa. No matter vertical or lateral loading, the margin of electroformed cap was the concentration area of the von Miese stress.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In this study, the stress concentration area of compound galvano-ceramic bridges with Ni-Cr framework and electroformed gold caps was the connector and the margin of electroformed cap was the insubstantial area.</p>